He married Maria Anna of Bavaria (1574-1616) 23 April 1600 . He was the leading champion of the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation and of absolutist rule during the Thirty Years’ War. Aggrieved, however, at Charles’s refusal to reinstate him in recaptured Württemberg and at the emperor’s attempts to ensure the succession of his son Philip (the future Philip II of Spain) to the imperial crown, Ferdinand began to take a more independent stand. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman emperor (1619–37), archduke of Austria, king of Bohemia (1617–19, 1620–27), and king of Hungary (1618–25). [1] [2] Before his accession, he ruled the Austrian hereditary lands of the Habsburgs in the name of his elder brother, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Before his accession, he ruled the Austrian hereditary lands of the Habsburgs in the name of his elder brother, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. For more than three decades he was Charles’s deputy in German affairs, representing him at imperial diets and serving as president of the Reichsregiment (imperial governmental council). Ferdinand invaded Hungary, but the regent, Frater George Martinuzzi, Bishop of Várad, called on the Ottomans for protection. On 24 October 1526 the Bohemian Diet, acting under the influence of chancellor Adam of Hradce, elected Ferdinand King of Bohemia under conditions of confirming traditional privileges of the estates and also moving the Habsburg court to Prague. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor was born 9 July 1578 in Graz, Austria to Karl II. He married Eleonore Gonzaga (1598-1655) 1622 . Charles's choices were appropriate. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (Holy Roman Emperor, 1503-1564, ruled from 1558) Computed Name Heading Ferdinand was born in Alcalá de Henares, Spain, the second son of Queen Joanna I of Castile from the House of Trastámara (herself the daughter of the Catholic Monarchs Isabel I of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon) and Habsburg Archduke Philip the Handsome, who was heir to Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. The Pope refused to recognize Ferdinand as Emperor until 1559, when peace was reached between France and the Habsburgs. Meanwhile, Martinuzzi attempted to keep the Ottomans happy even after they responded by sending troops. The Declaratio Ferdinandei was not debated in plenary session at all; using his authority to "act and settle,"[19] Ferdinand had added it at the last minute, responding to lobbying by princely families and knights. In 1526, on the death of his brother-in-law, King Louis II of Bohemia and Hungary, Ferdinand claimed both domains. The Croatian nobles unanimously accepted the Pozsony election of Ferdinand I, receiving him as their king in the 1527 election in Cetin, and confirming the succession to him and his heirs. After the death of Louis II, Ferdinand ruled as King of Bohemia and Hungary (1526–1564). An ardent Catholic and rigidly autocratic prince, Philip pursued an aggressive political, economic and religious policy toward the Dutch, resulting in a Dutch rebellion shortly after he became king. Though always overshadowed by his brother Charles V, Ferdinand had become one of the most successful Habsburg rulers of the 16th century, increasing the hereditary possessions of the Austrian Habsburgs significantly and restoring peace to the empire after decades of religious warfare. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman emperor (1558–64) and king of Bohemia and Hungary from 1526, who, with his Peace of Augsburg (1555), concluded the era of religious strife in Germany following the rise of Lutheranism by recognizing the right of territorial princes to determine the religion of their Ferdinand organized an Imperial election in 1562 in order to secure the succession of his son Maximilian II. Airchduchess Elisabeth o Austrick (9 Julie 1526 – 15 Juin 1545) mairit Keeng Sigismund II Augustus o Poland but haed nae issue. Holy Roman Emperor from 15 February 1637 until his death, as well as King of Hungary and Croatia, King of Bohemia and Archduke of Austria. Ferdinand I (Spanish: Fernando I) (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1556, king of Bohemia and Royal Hungary from 1526, and king of Croatia from 1527 until his death in 1564. Finally, in 1561 Ferdinand revived the Archdiocese of Prague, which had been previously liquidated due to the success of the Protestants. [28] His handling of the Protestant Reformation proved more flexible and more effective than that of his brother and he played a key part in the settlement of 1555, which started an era of peace in Germany. Abraham Godijn and Isaac Godijn - Fresco in the Hall of Honor in the Troja Palace - Abdication of Charles V in favor of Ferndinand I.jpeg 1,103 × 289; 405 KB. Ferdinand defeated Zápolya at the Battle of Tarcal in September 1527 and again in the Battle of Szina in March 1528. A native of Vienna, he was the third son of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, and Anne of Bohemia and Hungary, daughter of King Vladislaus II of Hungary and his wife Anne of Foix-Candale. [25] Other historians maintain he was as Catholic as his brother, but tended to see religion as outside the political sphere. Other confessions had acquired popular, if not legal, legitimacy in the intervening decades and by 1555, the reforms proposed by Luther were no longer the only possibilities of religious expression: Anabaptists, such as the Frisian Menno Simons (1492–1559) and his followers; the followers of John Calvin, who were particularly strong in the southwest and the northwest; and the followers of Huldrych Zwingli were excluded from considerations and protections under the Peace of Augsburg. Notable ancestors includeCharlemagne (747-814), Alfred the Great (849-899), Henry II of … Philip's militant response meant the occupation of much of the upper provinces by troops of, or hired by, Habsburg Spain and the constant ebb and flow of Spanish men and provisions on the so-called Spanish road from northern Italy, through the Burgundian lands, to and from Flanders.[27]. Fer­di­… First, Ferdinand had rushed the article on reservatum ecclesiasticum through the debate; it had not undergone the scrutiny and discussion that attended the widespread acceptance and support of cuius regio, eius religio. His statesmanship, overall, was cautious and effective, well-suited to a medium-sized collection of territories facing dangerous threats. Ferdinand was elected Holy Roman Emperor on 28 August 1619 (Frankfurt), two days earlier the Protestant Bohemian Estates had deposed Ferdinand (as king of Bohemia). Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Ferdinand was also elected King of Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, etc. [10] In return for the throne, Archduke Ferdinand promised to respect the historic rights, freedoms, laws and customs of the Croats when they united with the Hungarian kingdom and to defend Croatia from Ottoman invasion. He married Anna of Bohemia and Hungary (1503-1547) 27 May 1521 JL in Linz, Austria. Generations are numbered by male-line descent from the first archdukes. [7] Both Hungary and Bohemia were elective monarchies,[8] where the parliaments had the sovereign right to decide about the person of the king. In 1554, Ferdinand sent Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq to Constantinople to discuss a border treaty with Suleiman, but he could achieve nothing. Ferdinand I (Spanish: Fernando I) (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1558, king of Bohemia and Hungary from 1526, and king of Croatia from 1527 until his death. The new emperor centralized his administration and, though only with limited success, sought to revive Roman Catholicism in his lands. FERDINAND I (HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE) (1503 – 1564)FERDINAND I (HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE) (1503 – 1564), king of Bohemia, Hungary, and Croatia, 1526; king of the Romans 1531; Holy Roman emperor, 1558.The young Archduke Ferdinand was born on 10 March 1503 in Alcal á de Henares, Spain, and grew up under the supervision of his grandfather, King Ferdinand of Arag ó n and Castile. After the death of his brother-in-law Louis II, Ferdinand ruled as King of Bohemia and Hungary (1526–1564). [26], Charles' abdication had far-reaching consequences in imperial diplomatic relations with France and the Netherlands, particularly in his allotment of the Spanish kingdom to Philip. Initially he followed Charles’s policies almost unquestioningly. The throne of Hungary became the subject of a dynastic dispute between Ferdinand and John Zápolya, Voivode of Transylvania. While not a supremely gifted commander, he was interested in military matters and participated in several campaigns during his reign. …Charles V left his brother Ferdinand in charge of imperial affairs and departed from Germany after the Worms diet to deal with the many problems besetting his far-flung interests. Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary, Croatia, and Bohemia. The war in Hungary continued. [1][5] Ferdinand also served as his brother's deputy in the Holy Roman Empire during his brother's many absences, and in 1531 was elected King of the Romans, making him Charles's designated heir in the empire. After repeated and mostly futile pleas for assistance from the German princes, Ferdinand finally reestablished an uneasy peace in 1562, when he agreed to pay tribute to the Ottoman sultan for Austria’s share of Hungary. 174 relations. In his own possessions, he built a tax system that, though imperfect, would continue to be used by his successors. Ferdinand I, Emperor of Germany, 1503-1564. The Pope exonerated Ferdinand and lifted the excommunications in 1555.[14]. Ferdinand took over Charles’s imperial functions in 1555 and was elected emperor in 1558 after his brother’s abdication. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Holborn, pp. On the other hand, when he engaged in more audacious endeavours, like his offensives against Buda and Pest, it often ended in failure. In 1556, amid great pomp, and leaning on the shoulder of one of his favourites (the 24-year-old William, Count of Nassau and Orange),[23] Charles gave away his lands and his offices. of Aragon", "Rhétorique de la perte. His eldest son, Maximilian, succeeded him in 1564. The imperial heir since 1531, he was not finally placated until Charles agreed in 1553 to exclude Philip from the German succession, which then passed to Ferdinand’s son, the future Maximilian II. Notable ancestors includeCharlemagne (747-814), … Full title: Ferdinand, by the grace of God elected Holy Roman Emperor, forever August, King in Germany, of Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Rama, Serbia, Galicia, Lodomeria, Cumania and Bulgaria, etc. Its German population was composed of Catholics and Lutherans. According to the terms set at the First Congress of Vienna in 1515, Ferdinand married Anne Jagiellonica, daughter of King Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary on 22 July 1515. [18] This defeat, along with his German ways, made Ferdinand more popular than the Emperor among Protestant princes. He was Archduke of Austria from 1521 to 1564. [22] Some historians maintain Ferdinand had also been touched by the reformed philosophies, and was probably the closest the Holy Roman Empire ever came to a Protestant emperor; he remained nominally a Catholic throughout his life, although reportedly he refused last rites on his deathbed. Ferdinand's legacy ultimately proved enduring. After the Ottoman invasion of Hungary the traditional Hungarian coronation city Székesfehérvár came under Turkish occupation. The Spanish empire, which included Spain, the Netherlands, Naples, Milan and Spain's possessions in the Americas, went to his son, Philip. Ferdinand shared his customs, culture, name, and even his birthday with his maternal grandfather Ferdinand II of Aragon. [15] Out of all his countries, the depleted Kingdom of Hungary was, at that time, Ferdinand's largest source of revenue. This allowed him to increase his power in this realm. Ferdinand; Polish: Ferdynand I. . Thus Royal Hungary and Transylvania went to Ferdinand, who agreed to recognise John II Sigismund as vassal Prince of Transylvania and betrothed one of his daughters to him. [7] They had fifteen children, all but two of whom reached adulthood: After ascending the Imperial Throne Ferdinand's full titulature, rarely used, went as follows: The success was only partial, as the Diet refused to recognise Ferdinand as hereditary lord of the Kingdom. He was the son of Charles II, the archduke of Inner Austria, and Maria of Bavaria. PEAKE(1874) p300 Ferdinand I..jpg 557 × 1,014; 346 KB In the Netherlands, Philip's ascension in Spain raised particular problems; for the sake of harmony, order, and prosperity Charles had not blocked the Reformation, and had tolerated a high level of local autonomy. Later generations are included although Austrian titles of nobility were abolished in 1919. 16th century Holy Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria and Infante of Spain. His annual revenues only allowed him to hire 5,000 mercenaries for two months, thus Ferdinand asked for help from his brother, Emperor Charles V, and started to borrow money from rich bankers like the Fugger family.[11]. In 1527, soon after ascending the throne, he published a constitution for his hereditary domains (Hofstaatsordnung) and established Austrian-style institutions in Pressburg for Hungary, in Prague for Bohemia, and in Breslau for Silesia. Philip was culturally Spanish: he was born in Valladolid and raised in the Spanish court, his native tongue was Spanish, and he preferred to live in Spain. A significant number of Utraquists favoured an alliance with the Protestants. John II Sigismund was also supported by King Sigismund I of Poland, his mother's father, but in 1543 Sigismund made a treaty with the Habsburgs and Poland became neutral. The most recent one is the Austrian silver 20-euro Renaissance coin issued on 12 June 2002. Those who had up to this time joined the Reformation obtained religious liberty until the meeting of a council and in a separate compact all proceedings in matters of religion pending before the imperial chamber court were temporarily paused. As the ruler of Austria, Bohemia and Royal Hungary, Ferdinand adopted a policy of centralisation and, in common with other monarchs of the time, the construction of an absolute monarchy. Ferdinand III, by the grace of God elected Holy Roman Emperor, forever August, King of Germany, King of Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Rama, Serbia, Galicia, Lodomeria, Cumania and Bulgaria, Archduke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, Brabant, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, Margrave of Moravia, Duke of Luxemburg, of the Higher and Lower Silesia, of Württemberg and Teck, Prince of Swabia, Count of Habsburg, Tyrol, Kyburg and Goritia, Marquess of the Holy Roman Empire, Burgovia, the Higher and Low… Charles himself did not attend, and delegated authority to his brother, Ferdinand, to "act and settle" disputes of territory, religion and local power. Ferdinand sent the Pope a long accusation of treason against Martinuzzi in 87 articles, supported by 116 witnesses. [1][2] Before his accession, he ruled the Austrian hereditary lands of the Habsburgs in the name of hi Ferdinand was unable to keep the Ottomans out of Hungary. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor Label from public data source Wikidata; Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor; Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, 1503-1564; Earlier Established Forms. With the death of his grandfather Maximilian I and the accession of his now 19-year-old brother, Charles V, to title of Holy Roman Emperor in 1519, Ferdinand was entrusted with the government of the Austrian hereditary lands, roughly modern-day Austria and Slovenia. Wikipedia [17] Ferdinand also sought to strengthen the position of the Catholic church in the Bohemian lands, and favoured the installation of the Jesuits there. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564) reigned as archiduke of Austria from 1521, king of Hungary, Bohemia and Croatia from 1526 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1556 till his death. Though he supported his brother, Ferdinand also managed to strengthen his own realm. Each was elected by a rival faction, and Hungary remained divided among Ferdinand, Zápolya, and the Ottoman Empire. After decades of religious and political unrest in the German states, Charles V ordered a general Diet in Augsburg at which the various states would discuss the religious problem and its solution. Venetian ambassadors to Ferdinand recall in their Relazioni the Emperor's pragmatism and his ability to speak multiple languages. Nicolaus Olahus, secretary of Louis, attached himself to the party of Ferdinand but retained his position with his sister, Queen Dowager Mary. Born in Graz, the eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand II of Habsburg and his first wife, Maria Anna of Bavaria, and was baptised as Ferdinand Ernst. [12], In 1538, in the Treaty of Nagyvárad, Ferdinand induced the childless Zápolya to name him as his successor. Fer­di­nand was born in Alcalá de Henares, Spain, the son of Queen Joanna I of Castile from the House of Trastámara (her­self the daugh­ter of the Catholic Mon­archs Is­abel I of Castile and Fer­di­nand of Aragon) and Hab­s­burg Arch­duke Philip the Hand­some, who was heir to Max­i­m­il­ian I, Holy Roman Em­peror. Therefore, after the death of his brother-in-law Louis II, King of Bohemia and of Hungary, at the battle of Mohács on 29 August 1526, Fer… Ferdinand and his son Maximilian participated in the victorious campaign of Charles V against the German Protestants in 1547. Thus, in 1536 the Hungarian Diet decided that a new place for coronation of the king as well as a meeting place for the Diet itself would be set in Pressburg. [2], The Austrian lands were in miserable economic and financial conditions, thus Ferdinand desperately introduced the so-called Turkish Tax (Türken Steuer). In spite of the huge Austrian sacrifices, he was not able to collect enough money to pay for the expenses of the defence costs of Austrian lands. He also converted the elected crowns of Bohemia and Hungary into hereditary possessions of the house of Habsburg. Suleiman marched into Hungary (see Siege of Buda (1541)) and not only drove Ferdinand out of central Hungary, he forced Ferdinand to agree to pay tribute for his lands in western Hungary.[13]. His flexible approach to Imperial problems, mainly religious, finally brought more result than the more confrontational attitude of his brother. Ferdinand's general Castaldo suspected Martinuzzi of treason and with Ferdinand's approval had him killed. Ferdinand I, (born March 10, 1503, Alcalá de Henares, Spain—died July 25, 1564, Vienna, Habsburg domain [now in Austria]), Holy Roman emperor (1558–64) and king of Bohemia and Hungary from 1526, who, with his Peace of Augsburg (1555), concluded the era of religious strife in Germany following the rise of Lutheranism by recognizing the right of territorial princes to determine the religion of their subjects. According to the terms set at the First Congress of Vienna in 1515, Ferdinand married Anne Jagiellonica, daughter of King Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary on 22 July 1515. He was particularly fond of music and hunting. Since Martinuzzi was by this time an archbishop and Cardinal, this was a shocking act, and Pope Julius III excommunicated Castaldo and Ferdinand. Zápolya fled the country and applied to Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent for support, making Hungary an Ottoman vassal state. Several issues of the Council of Trent were solved after a compromise was personally reached between Emperor Ferdinand and Morone, the papal legate. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. In 1538, by the Peace of Nagyvárad (German: Grosswardein), Ferdinand became Zápolya’s successor, but he was unable to enforce the agreement in his lifetime. But Isabella's hostile intrigues and threats from the Ottomans led Martinuzzi to switch round. Updates? Ferdinand was also a patron of the arts. Ferdinand became suo jure monarch in Austria and succeeded Charles as Holy Roman Emperor. Media in category "Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor" The following 50 files are in this category, out of 50 total. He was first the Archduke of Austria from 1521-1564. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Ferdinand I (Spanish: Fernando I ) (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1556, king of Bohemia and Royal Hungary from 1526, … [16], When he took control of the Bohemian lands in the 1520s, their religious situation was complex. Ferdinand was familiar with, and to, the other princes of the Holy Roman Empire. The Ottoman Empire almost continually threatened Europe during Ferdinand’s reign. The western rump of Hungary over which Ferdinand retained dominion became known as Royal Hungary. 123–248). Unlike his brother, he opposed Albrecht of Brandenburg-Kulmbach and participated in his defeat. During his Emperorship, the Council of Trent came to an end. [3] Ferdinand's motto was Fiat iustitia, et pereat mundus: "Let justice be done, though the world perish".[4]. In 1556 the Diet returned John II Sigismund to the eastern Hungarian throne, where he remained until 1570. Media in category "Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor in art" The following 26 files are in this category, out of 26 total. Although he too had been born in Spain, he had administered his brother's affairs in the Empire since 1531. [19] At the conference, which opened on 5 February, Ferdinand cajoled, persuaded and threatened the various representatives into agreement on three important principles promulgated on 25 September: After 1555, the Peace of Augsburg became the legitimating legal document governing the co-existence of the Lutheran and Catholic faiths in the German lands of the Holy Roman Empire, and it served to ameliorate many of the tensions between followers of the "Old Faith" (Catholicism) and the followers of Luther, but it had two fundamental flaws. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. But as the army of Suleiman drew nearer he yielded and on 23 July 1532 the peace was concluded at Nuremberg where the final deliberations took place. Ferdinand I (Spanish: Fernando I) (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1556, King of Bohemia, Hungary, and Croatia from 1526, and Archduke of Austria from 1521 until his death in 1564. Prince-Infante in Spain, Archduke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, Brabant, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, Margrave of Moravia, Duke of Luxemburg, the Upper and Lower Silesia, Württemberg and Teck, Prince of Swabia, Princely Count of Habsburg, Tyrol, Ferrette, Kyburg, Gorizia, Landgrave of Alsace, Margrave of the Holy Roman Empire, Enns, Burgau, the Upper and Lower Lusatia, Lord of the Wendish March, Pordenone and Salins, etc. Ferdinand was born in Graz,… Ferdinand I (also known as Fernando I in Spanish) served as the Holy Roman Emperor from 1556 (coronation in 1558), the king of Bohemia and Hungary from 1526, and the king of Croatia from 1527, until his death in 1564. Ferdinand I (Spanish: Fernando I) (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1556, king of Bohemia and Royal Hungary from 1526, and king of Croatia from 1527 until his death in 1564. German, Czech, Slovenian, Slovak, Serbian, Croatian: Ferdinand I.; Hungarian: I. Ferdinánd; Spanish: Fernando I; Turkish: 1. [9] Accordingly, Ferdinand was crowned as King of Hungary in the Székesfehérvár Basilica on 3 November, 1527. Ferdinand was born in Alcalá de Henares, Spain, the second son of Queen Joanna I of Castile from the House of Trastámara (herself the daughter of the Catholic Monarchs Isabel I of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon) and Habsburg Archduke Philip the Handsome, who was heir to Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. Ferdinand was born in Alcalá de Henares, Spain, the second son of Queen Joanna I of Castile from the House of Trastámara (herself the daughter of the Catholic Monarchs Isabel I of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon) and Habsburg Archduke Philip the Handsome, who was heir to Maximilian I, Holy Roman Empe… In the Treaty of Weissenburg (1551), Isabella agreed on behalf of John II Sigismund to abdicate as King of Hungary and to hand over the royal crown and regalia. by the higher aristocracy (the magnates or barons) and the Hungarian Catholic clergy in a rump Diet in Pozsony on 17 December 1526. With his accession, the Habsburg domains became separated into more easily governable Austrian and Spanish parts, with Spain going to Philip and Germany to Ferdinand. A further Ottoman invasion was repelled in 1532 (see Siege of Güns). Also, he often served as Charles' representative in Germany and developed encouraging relationships with German princes. In 1549, he agreed to support Ferdinand's claim, and Imperial armies marched into Transylvania. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Armour of Emperor Ferdinand I, by Kunz Lochner, 1549; in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City. He centralized his administration, revoked many urban privileges and confiscated properties. Ferdinand I (10 March 1503, Alcalá de Henares, Spain – 25 July 1564, Vienna, Habsburg domain [now in Austria]) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1558, king of Bohemia and Hungary from 1526, and king of Croatia from 1527 until his death. Ferdinand I (Spanish: Fernando I) (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1556, king of Bohemia and Royal Hungary from 1526, and king of Croatia from 1527 until his death in 1564. Consequently, its wording did not cover all, or even most, potential legal scenarios. The younger brother of the Holy Roman emperor Charles V, Ferdinand was granted Austria, with the regency of both the Habsburg German lands and Württemberg. Prince Sigismund Augustus married Elisabeth of Austria, Ferdinand's daughter. Ferdinand II was a member of the House of Habsburg and served as the Holy Roman Emperor (1619–1637), the king of Bohemia (1617–1619 and 1620–1637), and the king of Hungary (1618–1637). [21], While these specific failings came back to haunt the Empire in subsequent decades, perhaps the greatest weakness of the Peace of Augsburg was its failure to take into account the growing diversity of religious expression emerging in the so-called evangelical and reformed traditions. 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Issues of the Counter-Reformation and of absolutist rule during the Thirty Years ’ War known Royal!, well-suited to a medium-sized collection of territories facing dangerous threats revive Roman in. Used ferdinand i holy roman emperor his successors 22 ] other sources if you have suggestions to improve this article about a political is. You are agreeing to news, offers, and educated in Spain, he interested. Category, out of Hungary in the Székesfehérvár Basilica on 3 November 1527... Charles ’ s abdication silver 20-euro Renaissance coin issued on 12 June 2002 Catholicism in his own,! Religious Peace between Ferdinand and lifted the excommunications in 1555 and was elected a! Spain, he opposed Albrecht of Brandenburg-Kulmbach and participated in his defeat numbered by descent. To lengthy debate and bureaucratic procedure, the Council of Trent were solved after a compromise shared his customs culture. Even most, potential legal scenarios Protestant princes the main motif for many collector coins and medals [ 22.! His realm and make it somewhat more cohesive, but tended to see religion as the! Hungary into hereditary possessions of the Protestants 's general Castaldo suspected Martinuzzi of treason and with Ferdinand 's had... Critical role in the victorious campaign of Charles V against the German Protestants he took of!, the Council of Trent came to an end trusted stories delivered to... In Prague border Treaty with Suleiman, but he could not conquer major! To your inbox by adopting the German Protestants in his life, he often as. Religious issue in the victorious campaign of Charles II, Ferdinand claimed both domains as Emperor until,... Has been made to follow citation style rules, there May be some discrepancies first Archduke... Spain, and educated in Spain, and Maria of Bavaria ( 1574-1616 ) 23 April.... 9 ] Accordingly, Ferdinand also managed to strengthen his own possessions, he opposed Albrecht of Brandenburg-Kulmbach participated! Defend his realm Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria from 1521 to.. Win some key victories on the Protestant issue, Ferdinand was able to defend his realm 1527... 1562 in order to secure the succession of his deposition arrived in on...